油罐罐底渗漏模拟试验及渗漏量计算

油罐罐底渗漏不仅会造成巨大的经济损失和环境污染，甚至还会带来火灾爆炸，严重威胁存储油料场所安全。因此，主动掌握油罐渗漏量数值范围和渗漏发展规律，显得很有必要。利用模拟油罐渗漏装置在微压条件下进行了无砂垫和有砂垫罐底小孔渗漏速率试验，获得了渗漏速率的数值范围并运用Matlab对数据进行处理，拟合出有砂垫罐底小孔渗漏量计算的经验公式。试验分析表明有砂垫罐底小孔渗漏量比无砂垫时的渗漏量在数值上小很多，此结果将为加压条件下的渗漏试验奠定基础。     

A three-stage model for the perforation of finite metallic plates by long rods at high velocities

A three-stage theoretical model is presented herein to predict the perforation of a thick metallic plate struck normally by a long rod at high velocities. The model is suggested on the basis of the assumption that the perforation of a thick metallic plate by a long rod can be divided into three stages: (1) initial penetration; (2) plug formation and (3) plug slipping and separation. Various analytical equations are derived which can be employed to predict the ballistic limit, residual velocity and residual length of the long rod. It is demonstrated that the present model predictions are in good agreement with available experimental results for the perforation of finite steel targets struck normally by steel as well as tungsten alloy long rods at high velocities. It is also demonstrated that the dynamic maximum shear stress of a plate material has strong effect on plug formation and plug thickness which, in turn, exerts considerable influence on the residual velocities and lengths of a long rod at impact velocities just above the ballistic limit.     

基于改进的投影法的目标标识定位算法研究

军事对抗中,需要准确识别目标标识,以车辆识别中车牌精确定位为例进行研究。通过结合利用跳变法和投影法,提出一种基于改进的投影法的车牌定位。由进行车牌水平定位的跳变法和进行车牌垂直定位的投影法两个步骤组成。其中,像素在车牌水平方向的区域内会产生明显跳变,先通过跳变法确定车牌的水平区域。由于车牌一般位于图像的下半部分,所以从图像的1/2高度到4/5高度,1/3宽度到4/5宽度处扫描,减少背景区干扰。然后在车牌的水平区域再进行垂直投影,得到车牌的准确位置。实验结果证明,该方法不仅可以有效提高定位速度,还能够由于减少背景区的干扰而提高定位准确度。     

球形头部弹丸侵彻运动靶板的数值模拟

为研究球形头部弹丸高速侵彻运动靶板的侵彻规律,运用LS-DYNA动力分析软件仿真研究了不同条件下球形头部弹丸对靶板的正侵彻效应,获得了运动靶板厚度、材料和弹丸着速3种参数对侵彻过程中弹丸弹道偏移、翻转角度和剩余速度的响应规律。结果表明,随着着速的提高,弹丸翻转幅度和弹道偏移量逐渐减小;随着靶板厚度的增加,弹丸正向翻转角度和轴向剩余速度显著减小,而弹道偏移量增大;3种材料运动靶板中,4340钢靶对弹丸弹道偏移、翻转角度和剩余速度的影响最大,Weldox460钢次之,LY12铝最小。     

坦克履带板材料的现状和探讨

论述了现用坦克履带板的使用情况和主要失效形式,通过分析ZGMn13的加工硬化特点,提出了降低奥氏体的稳定性,在使用中实现应变诱发马氏体相变的强化机制,并完成了实验室条件下的成分设计和优化.     

任意载荷作用下各向异性矩形薄板的弯曲解

常用的复合材料板多为各向异性板。为求解这种板的弯曲问题 ,利用复数形式的三角级数解和双正弦级数解来建立各异向性矩形薄板弯曲问题微分方程的一般解 ,可以求解任意载荷作用下各种边界的弯曲问题。以四边固支的正方形板为例进行了数值计算 ,其结果与文献比较是一致的。这种一般解析解法理论简单全面 ,便于实际应用     

激光辐照下45#钢板响应特性

采取实验和数值模拟相结合的方法对激光辐照45#钢板的响应特性进行研究。基于连续光纤激光发射系统,开展钢板的激光辐照实验,得到温度场分布及靶板的烧蚀穿孔特性;基于ANSYS建立靶板有限元模型,模拟激光辐照下靶板的热响应过程,得到了靶板厚度、激光功率和光斑直径等因素对靶板温度分布及靶板穿孔特性的影响规律。     

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading were investigated numerically by employing the Ansys 17.0 and Ls-Dyna 971. To calibrate the numerical model, the experiments of square plates with pre-formed circle holes were modeled and the numerical results have a good agreement with the experiment data. The calibrated numerical model was used to study the deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells with pre-formed circle holes subjected to blast loading. The structure response and stress field changing process has been divided into four specific stages and the deformation mechanism has been discussed systematically. The local and global deformation curves, degree of damage, change of stress status and failure modes of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed circular holes are obtained, compared and analyzed, it can be concluded as: (1) The transition of tensile stress fields is due to the geometrical characteristic of pre-formed holes and cylindrical shell with arch configuration; (2) The existence of pre-formed holes not only lead to the increasing of stress concentration around the holes, but also release the stress concentration during whole response process; (3) There are three and two kinds of failure modes for square plate and cylindrical shell with pre-formed holes, respectively. and the standoff distance has a key influence on the forming location of the crack initiating point and the locus of crack propagation; (4) The square plate with pre-formed holes has a better performance than cylindrical shell on blast-resistant capability at a smaller standoff distance, while the influence of pre-formed holes on the reduction of blast-resistant capability of square plate is bigger than that of cylindrical shell.     

罐底渗漏的罐基油气质量分数探测法识别

油罐是油品储运的重要设备,罐底最易出现穿孔渗漏油现象,致使罐基内部油气质量分数高于正常值。以油库中柴油覆土罐群为例,研究并试验了根据罐基油气质量分数识别罐底渗漏的方法：分析罐基探漏孔位置分布并钻孔;多次探测罐基油气质量分数,根据探测数据识别各罐有无底部渗漏;为了便于以后检测油库时识别各罐有无渗漏,为各罐建立状态监测表,并将无渗漏的罐基油气质量分数最高值暂定为该类罐的安全值,低于该安全值的油罐可直接判定为无渗漏。实践结果证明,这种不开罐检测罐底渗漏油的方法可及时发现故障并采取措施,对储油安全具有重要意义。     

开孔复合材料层合板的拉伸强度和失效模式分析

为研究纤维编织工艺、铺层角度和孔径大小对开孔复合材料层合板拉伸强度和失效模式的影响规律,选用正交平纹玻纤层合板（WFL）和单向玻纤层合板（UFL）制作0°和45°铺层开孔拉伸试件,随后进行了试验研究;采用 Abaqus 建立基于二维 Hashion 失效准则的渐进损伤仿真模型,并对试验结果进行了对比,分析了试件的损伤机理。研究结果表明：层合板强度随开孔增大而减小,并且这种变化率随孔径增大而增大,45°铺层的层合板的变化率小于0°铺层,WFL 小于 UFL;WFL 的破坏以纤维断裂为主,裂纹垂直于纤维方向,UFL 以基体开裂为主,裂纹沿纤维方向,孔径则对破坏模式无明显影响;0°铺层 WFL 的破坏是由纤维拉伸失效导致,45°的则由纤维拉伸失效和基体拉伸剪切失效共同导致,0°铺层 UFL 由基体压缩失效导致,45°的则由基体拉伸剪切失效导致;拉伸强度的仿真与试验结果最大误差为14．1％,由此验证了仿真计算方法的有效性。